![]() Freedom of expression, association and assembly In September/October, the Revolutionary Guards attacked Kurdish opposition groups inside the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, resulting in the deaths of more than a dozen people, including a pregnant woman. ![]() Iran supported the Russian government’s invasion of Ukraine by providing Shahed 136 drones, which were used to target and destroy civilian infrastructure. Iran continued to provide military support to government forces in the armed conflict in Syria (see Syria entry). In December, the Constitutional Court of Belgium partially suspended implementation of the treaty and was due to rule on its annulment in early 2023. In March, Iran signed a bilateral treaty with Belgium – the Transfer of Sentenced Persons – raising concerns about its potential use to grant impunity for Iranian state agents arrested and convicted abroad of serious human rights violations. In November, the same body established a fact-finding mission to investigate human rights violations relating to the uprising.Īll independent UN experts and international monitors other than the Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of the unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights were denied entry to Iran. ![]() In March, the UN Human Rights Council renewed the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Iran. Protests were ongoing at the end of the year. BackgroundĪn unprecedented popular uprising rocked Iran from September, with people calling for an end to the Islamic Republic system. Systemic impunity prevailed for past and ongoing crimes against humanity relating to prison massacres in 1988 and other crimes under international law. The use of the death penalty increased and public executions resumed. Cruel and inhuman punishments, including flogging, amputation and blinding, were imposed and/or carried out. Enforced disappearances, torture and other ill-treatment, including through the deliberate denial of medical care, were widespread and systematic. Women, LGBTI people, and ethnic and religious minorities suffered intensified discrimination and violence. ![]() Thousands of people were arbitrarily detained and/or unfairly prosecuted solely for peacefully exercising their human rights. Security forces unlawfully fired live ammunition and metal pellets to crush protests, killing hundreds of men, women and children and injuring thousands. Iran was rocked by an unprecedented popular uprising against the Islamic Republic system. ![]()
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